Porogaramu n'imiterere y'ibikoresho bya diyama.

Hamwe niterambere ryubukungu bwisi no kuzamura imibereho yabantu, amabuye karemano (granite, marble), jade, amabuye yo mu rwego rwo hejuru (amabuye ya microcrystalline), ububumbyi, ibirahuri, nibicuruzwa bya sima byakoreshejwe cyane mumazu no mumazu. .Imitako yibintu ikoreshwa mugukora imitako itandukanye, mubikenerwa bya buri munsi no kubaka imihanda nibiraro.

Gutunganya ibyo bikoresho bisaba ibikoresho bitandukanye bya diyama.

Ibikoresho bya diyama byakorewe mu Budage, mu Butaliyani, mu Buyapani, no muri Koreya y'Epfo bifite ubwoko bwinshi, ubuziranenge kandi buhanitse.Ibicuruzwa byabo hafi ya byose bifata isoko ryo murwego rwohejuru rwo gutunganya amabuye.

Mu myaka icumi cyangwa irenga, amasosiyete yo mu Bushinwa akora ibikoresho bya diyama yateye imbere byihuse.Urebye umubare w’amasosiyete, hari ibigo bigera ku gihumbi bitanga ibikoresho bya diyama, amafaranga yinjiza buri mwaka arenga miliyari icumi.Hariho abakora ibikoresho bya diyama hafi 100 mu Mujyi wa Danyang mu Ntara ya Jiangsu, Umujyi wa Shijiazhuang mu Ntara ya Hebei, Umujyi wa Ezhou mu Ntara ya Hubei, Umujyi wa Shuitou mu Mujyi wa Quanzhou mu Ntara ya Fujian, Umujyi wa Yunfu mu Ntara ya Guangdong n'Intara ya Shandong.Hariho inganda nini nini nini zitanga ibikoresho bya diyama mubushinwa, bitagereranywa nibindi bihugu byo kwisi, kandi byanze bikunze bizahinduka ibikoresho bya diyama ku isi.Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwibikoresho bya diyama mubushinwa nabwo bufite ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, kandi bimwe mubirango bizwi cyane byibikoresho bya diyama mumahanga nabyo byategetse ibigo byabashinwa kubibyaza umusaruro.Nyamara, ibicuruzwa byinshi byakozwe namasosiyete menshi bifite ubuziranenge kandi buke.Nubwo Ubushinwa bwohereza ibicuruzwa byinshi bya diyama, ibyinshi muri byo ni ibicuruzwa bihendutse kandi byitwa "imyanda".Ndetse nibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge ubuziranenge bwujuje cyangwa burenze ibicuruzwa bisa n’amahanga, kubera ko bikozwe mu Bushinwa, ntibishobora kugurishwa ku giciro cyiza, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ishusho y’Ubushinwa.Niki gitera iki kibazo?Muri make, hari impamvu ebyiri zingenzi.

Imwe murwego rwo hasi rwikoranabuhanga.Iterambere rya tekinoroji yo gukora ibikoresho bya diyama rirashobora kugabanywamo ibice bitatu kugeza ubu.Icyiciro cya mbere nugukoresha ifu yibanze nka matrix hanyuma ukongeramo diyama kugirango ukore ibikoresho bya diyama muburyo bwo kuvanga imashini.Iyi nzira ikunda gutandukanya ibice;ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burashobora gutera byoroshye gushushanya diyama no kugabanya imbaraga za diyama.Kubera ko ibikoresho bitandukanye byintumbi byahujwe muburyo bwa mashini, ntibivanze neza, kandi umurambo ugira ingaruka mbi kuri diyama, kuburyo bigoye gukora ibicuruzwa byo murwego rwohejuru.Icyiciro cya kabiri ni ugukoresha ifu yabanje kuvangwa nka matrix hamwe na gahunda yo kuvanga diyama kugirango ikore ibikoresho bya diyama.Kuberako ibikoresho bya matrix bivanze neza kandi ubushyuhe bwo gucumura buri hasi, iki gikorwa ntikizagabanya imbaraga za diyama, kwirinda gutandukanya ibice, gutanga umusaruro mwiza kuri diyama, kandi bigatuma imikorere ya diyama ikina neza.Ibikoresho bya diyama byakozwe mugukoresha ifu yabanje kuvangwa nka matrix ifite ibiranga imikorere myiza no kwihuta gahoro, kandi irashobora kubyara ibikoresho byiza bya diyama.Icyiciro cya gatatu ni ugukoresha ifu yabanje kuvangwa nka matrix, hamwe na gahunda itondekanye (ibice byinshi, ikwirakwizwa rya diyama imwe) ya diyama.Iri koranabuhanga ririmo ibyiza bya tekinike yifu yifu mbere, kandi itondekanya diyama muburyo butondetse, kuburyo buri diyama ikoreshwa neza, kandi ikanesha inenge ko gukwirakwiza diyama kutaringaniye biterwa nuburyo bwo kuvanga imashini bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yo guca ., Nubuhanga bugezweho mugukora ibikoresho bya diyama kwisi muri iki gihe.Fata urugero rusanzwe rukoreshwa? 350mm yo gukata diyama nkurugero, uburyo bwo guca tekinoloji yicyiciro cya mbere ni 2.0m (100%), uburyo bwo guca tekinoroji yicyiciro cya kabiri ni 3.6m (bwiyongereye kugera kuri 180%), naho icya gatatu icyiciro Gukata neza ikoranabuhanga ni 5.5m (byiyongereye kugera kuri 275%).Mu masosiyete akora ibikoresho bya diyama mu Bushinwa, 90% aracyakoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo mu cyiciro cya mbere, munsi ya 10% by'amasosiyete akoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo mu cyiciro cya kabiri, naho amasosiyete ku giti cye akoresha ikoranabuhanga ryo mu cyiciro cya gatatu.Ntabwo bigoye kubona ko mubisosiyete ikora ibikoresho bya diyama biri mubushinwa, ibigo bike bifite ubushobozi bwuzuye bwo gukora ibicuruzwa byiza.Nyamara, ibigo byinshi biracyakoresha ikoranabuhanga gakondo kandi risubira inyuma.

Iya kabiri ni amarushanwa akomeye.Ibikoresho bya diyama birakoreshwa kandi birakenewe cyane ku isoko.Ukurikije ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukora ibikoresho bya diyama mu cyiciro cya mbere, biroroshye cyane gutangiza uruganda rushya rwibikoresho bya diyama.Mu gihe gito, mu Bushinwa hari ibigo bigera ku gihumbi bitanga ibikoresho bya diyama.Fata urugero rwa diyama 105mm ikoreshwa cyane nkurugero, urwego rwibicuruzwa ni 'ubuziranenge-bwiza', igiciro cyahoze mu ruganda kiri hejuru ya 18 yuan, bingana na 10%;igipimo cyibicuruzwa ni 'ubuziranenge', igiciro cyahoze ari uruganda ni hafi 12 yu, bingana na 50%;Urwego rw'ibicuruzwa ni "ubukungu", igiciro cyahoze mu ruganda ni 8 Yuan, bingana na 40%.Ubu bwoko butatu bwibicuruzwa bibarwa ukurikije igiciro rusange cyimibereho.Inyungu yinyungu yibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge irashobora kugera kuri 30%, naho inyungu yibicuruzwa 'byujuje ubuziranenge' irashobora kugera kuri 5-10%.Ibiciro byahoze mu ruganda rwibigo byose biri munsi yu 8, kandi hari nubwo biri munsi yama 4.

Kubera ko ikoranabuhanga ryinshi ryamasosiyete riri kurwego rwicyiciro cya mbere, kandi ubwiza bwibicuruzwa burasa, kugirango bafate imigabane yisoko, bagomba kurwanira umutungo nibiciro.Uramfata, kandi ibiciro byibicuruzwa biramanurwa.Ibicuruzwa nkibi byoherezwa hanze kubwinshi.Ntibitangaje kubona abandi bavuga ko ibicuruzwa byabashinwa ari 'junk'.Hatabayeho guhindura iki kibazo, biragoye kwirinda amakimbirane yubucuruzi.Muri icyo gihe, ibigo bitanga ibicuruzwa bihendutse nabyo bihura ningorabahizi yo gushimira amafaranga.

Fata umuhanda wubuziranenge, bwiza, kuzigama ingufu no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya.

Ubushinwa buri mwaka umusaruro no kugurisha miriyari mirongo yu yu bikoresho bya diyama bitwara toni zigera ku 100.000 z'ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite fer, garama miliyoni 400 za diyama, miliyoni 600 kilowat y'amashanyarazi, toni 110.000 z'ibikoresho byo gupakira, toni 52.000 z'ibiziga byo gusya, na toni 3.500 z'irangi.Ibicuruzwa byakozwe muri iki gihe ahanini ni ibicuruzwa byo hagati kandi biri hasi.Ugereranije nibicuruzwa byibihugu byateye imbere, hari icyuho kinini.Kurugero, diyama 105mm yabonye icyuma, gikomeza gukama gukata 20mm yuburebure buringaniye-bukomeye bwa granite, gukata 40m z'uburebure.Gukata neza ibicuruzwa mubihugu byateye imbere birashobora kugera kuri 1.0 ~ 1,2m kumunota.Ibice by'Ubushinwa birashobora kugabanywa 40m z'uburebure nta mbaraga, kandi imikorere y'ibicuruzwa byiza irashobora kugera kuri 0.5 ~ 0,6m ku munota, kandi ibice bya 'ubukungu' birashobora kugabanywa munsi ya 40m sinshobora kubyimura, ugereranije imikorere kumunota iri munsi ya 0.3m.Kandi uduce duto twa "high-quality", uduce two kugabanya dushobora kugera kuri 1.0 ~ 1.5m kumunota.Ubu Ubushinwa bushoboye gukora ibikoresho byiza bya diyama.Ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge bifite uburyo bwo gukata cyane kandi birashobora kuzigama ingufu nyinshi namasaha-man iyo bikoreshejwe.Ibicuruzwa byujuje ubuziranenge birashobora gukoreshwa kandi bikagira ubuzima burebure.Icyuma kimwe "cyiza-cyiza" cyuma gishobora hejuru ya 3 kugeza kuri 4 "bisanzwe" cyangwa "ubukungu".Niba diyama ibonye ibyuma bikorerwa mu Bushinwa bigenzurwa ku rwego rw 'ubuziranenge', amafaranga yinjira mu mwaka umwe aziyongera gusa, ntagabanuka, kandi byibuze 50% by’umutungo urashobora kuzigama (ibyuma, ibyuma bidafite fer 50.000 toni, amashanyarazi miliyoni 300 Impamyabumenyi, toni 55.000 z'ibikoresho byo gupakira, toni 26.000 z'ibiziga byo gusya, na toni 1.750 z'irangi).Irashobora kandi kugabanya imyuka iva mu ruziga rusya no gusohora gaze irangi, kandi bikagabanya umwanda ku bidukikije.